To stay protected, people must get the updated vaccines even if they got an earlier version. Adults should get a tetanus booster once every 10 years or during each pregnancy.Ĭertain vaccines must be updated periodically to protect against mutation-prone viruses that cause waves of infections months or years apart.Children get one booster dose around the time they first enter school and another when they begin middle school.Infants receive doses at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 18 months of age.For example, the DTaP vaccine requires repeated doses to achieve and maintain protection from diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough):.Require three or more doses to achieve maximum immunity.Safer for people with weak immune systems.Examples include the chickenpox vaccine and the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) combined vaccine, which children should receive around their first and fifth birthdays.Require two doses to achieve maximum immunity.Could cause a life-threatening infection in someone with a weak or suppressed immune system.Offer long-lasting, even lifetime protection.
By contrast, non-live vaccines typically require at least three doses to achieve protection that fades over time and must be restored with booster doses. Because they contain living bacteria or viruses, live-attenuated vaccines can provide enduring protection with only two doses. The number of doses needed to achieve immunity depends on whether the antigen in a vaccine is alive or not. Bacterial toxin treated to make it non-toxic.Ī single dose of vaccine provides only partial protection.Bits of their exterior surface or genetic material, or.In a vaccine, the antigen could be either The active ingredient in all vaccines is an antigen, the name for any substance that causes the immune system to begin producing antibodies. Vaccines work by imitating an infection-the presence of a disease-causing organism in the body-to engage the body’s natural defenses. By then, it’s too late to get vaccinated. But for some, the sign appears years later as an aggressive, life-threatening cancer. For example, most people infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) never show any sign of infection. Even mild or symptom-less infections can be deadly. Infections are unpredictable and can have long-term consequences. The immune response to a vaccine might cause tiredness and discomfort for a day or two, but the resulting protection can last a lifetime.
#IM DONE BEING AN EXPERT IN VACCINES HOW TO#
Vaccines help the body learn how to defend itself from disease without the dangers of a full-blown infection. Getting Vaccinated Is Safer Than Getting Sick
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